Vaccination

Introduction

Measles is a vaccine preventable disease that has been successfully eliminated in some parts of the world. It causes high morbidity and mortality with the potential of large outbreaks. About a third of reported measles cases involve one or more complications including diarrhea, pneumonia, otitis media, blindness, post infections encephalitis and subacute sclerosing panencephalitis. It is however, one of the leading causes of childhood morbidity and mortality in Nigeria despite availability of safe and effective vaccines.

Objective

The objective of this study was to describe the performance of the measles surveillance in Lagos, characterize the epidemiologic pattern of measles infection and determine the measles vaccine efficacy.

In Ukraine in spite of considerable financial expenses on oral immunization of foxes and parenteral immunization of dogs and cats, it is not succeeded to reach considerable results in the fight with rabies. Unfortunately there was a negative tendency to increasing a part of dogs and cats in the structure of rabies disease which are the main source of rabies in people.

Objective

The purpose of the research was to find out the reasons of rabies antropurgisation in Ukraine.

Measles is a vaccine preventable, highly transmissible viral infection that affects mostly under-five year children. The disease is caused by a Morbillivirus; member of the Paramyxovirus family.

Objective:

We reviewed measles specific Integretaged Disease Surveillance and Response (IDSR) data from Nigeria over a five-year period to highlights its burden and trends, and make recommendations for improvements.

The Child Health Epidemiology Reference Group (CHERG) has predicted around 43 million pneumonia cases in India. It is recognized that for huge nation like India, which accounts for 23% of global pneumonia burden, the national estimates may hide regional disparities. In this context, we have generated Indian state specific burden of severe pneumonia, pneumococcal pneumonia and pneumonia deaths through use of mathematical model.

Objective

This presentation highlights the use of mathematical model to estimate burden of disease in absence surveillance data. We estimated the burden of severe pneumonia, pneumococcal pneumonia and pneumonia deaths in Indian states using a mathematical model through application of vaccine probe methodology and attributable fraction.

Real-time monitoring and analysis of vaccine concerns over time and location could help immunisation programmes to tailor more effective and timely strategies to address specific public health concerns. In recent years attempts [1, 2] are being made to develop a more systematic monitoring of broader public vaccine concerns resulting in vaccine refusals and potential disease outbreaks. Automated sentiment analysis software applications are being developed to detect and track the emergence and spread, geographically and temporally, of online social media reports on vaccines by developing a new application for opinion mining and sentiment analysis. Although many of the current approaches for automated sentiment analysis provide a timely method to assess the sentiment of a population towards vaccination, they do not assess beliefs, perceptions and behaviours. Incorporating semantic approach by using ontologies captures the domain knowledge and supports automated extraction and analysis of text in blog posts related to vaccination.

Objective

This paper presents our approach on design and development of an integrated semantic platform to capture the domain knowledge on vaccine sentiments, beliefs, and behaviours using ontologies. The vaccine sentiment ontology (VASON) provides more structure around the vast amount of unstructured data scattered over blog posts to facilitate blog content analysis, and discovering patterns of words or phrases in blogs text (e.g. specifying topics, themes, sentiment, beliefs and so on). It also assists in revealing opinionated claims and assertions in blogs and specifying the authors, forms, functions, geographical locations, audiences of blogs, as well as bloggers’ motives.

Deterioration of socio-economic conditions in Ukraine created a threat of the spread of communicable diseases, including vaccine preventable diseases. Children in Ukraine routinely receive two doses of the measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine according to the national immunization schedule. Measles is targeted for elimination in Ukraine. But now Ukraine crisis carries significant public health risk and requires changing tactics of surveillance and epidemiological control against measles.

Objective

To estimate the current measles situation in the Kharkiv oblast (eastern region of Ukraine) and to develop ways of improving the surveillance and control of measles in elimination phase during the crisis in Ukraine.

Missed opportunities for influenza vaccination in office-based settings occur when patients (who are inclined to accept influenza vaccination if a provider recommends it) remain unvaccinated after a fall/winter healthcare visit. Healthcare providers can be very influential in encouraging patients to obtain influenza vaccination, but little is known in real-time during annual campaigns of how many and what type of providers are actually giving vaccinations in office settings. Many factors affect the ultimate population coverage including taking advantage of opportunities to vaccinate during medical visits. This suggests that provider vaccination behavior, if leveraged, could result in higher rates of influenza vaccine coverage. “Big” healthcare data in the form of high volume streams of electronic healthcare reimbursement claims (eHRCs) can potentially be used to track influenza vaccine administration practices in office-based settings in near real-time, thus empowering public health officials to provide this feedback to practitioners and potentially modify behaviors.

Objective

This paper describes the results of formative research to develop a new metric for public health officials to use in near-real-time tracking of the weekly participation of office-based providers in community influenza vaccination campaigns.

Cutaneous anthrax is endemic in Georgia. The EIDSS program captures notifications from 72 municipal public health centers. It links urgent notification, case investigation data, and laboratory data on an online basis. Eleven virulent and 4 non-virulent strains of B. anthracis have been isolated. Genotype GK 35 and GK 44 are strains found in the Turkish-Southern Caucasian region. It is hypothesized that human rates are caused by increased contact with infected animals. The recent re-introduction of animal vaccination programs in 2013-2014 heightens interest is establishing a defensible 6-year baseline trend in humans.

Objective

To characterize descriptive trends using data collected by the national Electronic Integrated Disease Surveillance System (EIDSS, 2008-2013).

Brucellosis is a zoonotic disease of veterinary, public health and economic significance in most developing countries, yet there are few studies that show integrated human and veterinary health care intervention focusing on integration at both activity and actors levels. The aim of our study, therefore, was to explore community perceptions on integration of animal vaccination and health education by veterinary and public health workers in the management of brucellosis.

Objective

To explore community perceptions on integration of animal vaccination and health education by veterinary and public health workers in the management of brucellosis.