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One Health

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a major concern in developing countries. Uganda is one of many developing countries that are beginning to implement a surveillance program countrywide to monitor AMR within the animal, environmental, and human sectors. Not only is there a concern for AMR, but the emergence of multidrug resistance (MDR) of Salmonella is also becoming a major One Health problem. Few new drugs are being produced. When current treatments fail, new antimicrobials for treatment of these microorganisms are limited. In Salmonella, AMR genes are usually found on plasmids that are transferable. Most plasmids that carry resistance are conjugative plasmids, promoting the transfer of DNA from cell to cell. Class I Integrons are located on transposable plasmids and are known to transfer AMR through an assortment of gene cassettes. Extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) are also known to encode genes located on integrons and transposons. ESBLs confer resistance to third generation cephalosporins, a drug of choice for treatment of Salmonella infections. ESBLs are now reported in Enterobacteriaceae all over the world. Examples of common ESBLs include blaCTX-M, blaOXA, blaTEM, blaCMY, and blaSHV. It has been reported that ESBLs evolved from the Kluverya species chromosome by mutation and gene transposition. In our previous study, we phenotypically characterized Salmonella from cattle and poultry farms within the Wakiso District of Uganda. Based on the high prevalence of MDR in the isolates collected we continued investigating at the molecular level. For the Salmonella isolates, we wanted to characterize genotypes by first analyzing the relatedness of the isolates with pulse field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). Next, we wanted to look to see which DNA plasmids were present. We looked at 28 replicon plasmids and the Class 1 Integron, Int1. The Salmonella isolates were also screened for ESBL genes based on their resistant profiles.

Objective:

Determine the AMR phenotypes and genotypes of Salmonella isolates recovered from cattle and poultry farms in the Wakiso District of Uganda.

Submitted by elamb on

The One Health paradigm emphasizes cooperation and interdisciplinary collaboration to promote health and well-being among people, animals and the environment. Though the concept of One Health has been around since the 1800’s, the phrase “One Health” was more recently coined, and projects are being developed globally under its sponsorship. Maricopa County Department of Public Health (MCDPH) has been working at a local level to enhance its One Health surveillance efforts and partnerships. This One Health partnership, comprised of representatives from the Arizona Department of Agriculture (ADA), Arizona Department of Health Services (ADHS), Arizona Game and Fish Department (AzGFD), Arizona Veterinary Medicine Association (AzVMA), Centers for Disease Control & Prevention (CDC), MCDPH, Midwestern University (MWU) Veterinary School, and local veterinarians, was employed during a response to the recent emergence of leptospirosis in Maricopa County, Arizona. Leptospirosis is a zoonotic bacterial disease typically prevalent in tropical regions, especially island countries or low-lying areas that flood. In the United States, CDC reports 100-200 human cases annually. Within the last five years, there have been two confirmed travel-associated human cases reported in Maricopa County. However, no locally acquired human or canine leptospirosis cases were reported. Two separate clusters of canine leptospirosis were reported in Maricopa County in 2016; the first was detected in February among canines within a household. To increase awareness in the veterinary community, the AzVMA published an article summarizing the cluster. This article might have aided in the identification of a second larger cluster in November that involved multiple veterinary and boarding facilities throughout Maricopa County. Following both clusters, capacity increased for canine and human surveillance, laboratory testing, and environmental remediation, and discussions were initiated regarding wildlife testing through the efforts of the One Health team.

Objective:

Demonstrate the utility of a One Health collaboration during a leptospirosis outbreak to expand outreach in human, environmental and animal health arenas.

Submitted by elamb on

International borders present unique challenges for the surveillance of infectious disease. Border communities represent locations with vast differences in cultures and languages, governing institutions, healthcare access, and priorities for the collection and surveillance of disease data. Pathogens and the health and security risks they create do not respect geographical and political boundaries. However, the organizations responsible for the surveillance and control of these agents must function within the borders of their respective governments. One Border One Health is a binational, multidisciplinary initiative aimed at engaging partners in the US and Mexico to identify and implement methods for successful communication and collaboration to enhance health capacity and disease surveillance within the border region. The advancements of international initiatives such as OBOH will help to develop the types of multi-country networks necessary for the effective monitoring of disease patterns and risks.

Objective

The purpose of this demonstration is to describe the cross-border collaborative processes used for the development of a transparent methodology to identify and prioritize zoonotic infectious disease agents in the California-Baja California border region.

Submitted by rmathes on

Various serotypes of DF were frequently reported in different regions of Pakistan on smaller scale. However, the worst dengue outbreak in Pakistan was experienced in 2011 in Lahore which is a 2nd most popolous city of Pakistan and capital of province punjab. This epidemic erupted during the post monsoon season and claimed 301 lives in just 4 months. To address that health crisis, Government adopted a multipronged strategy with a robust dengue fever surveillance program in Punjab.

Objective

The objective of this abstract is to share the lessons learned from the dengue epidemic in Lahore, Pakistan in 2011 and development of a comprehensive electronic surveillance system for dengue prevention and management.

Submitted by teresa.hamby@d… on

ABSTRACT SUMMARY

This article originates from a research project to develop a conceptual framework and practical tool for the economic evaluation of surveillance. Exploring the technical relationship between mitigation as a source of economic value and surveillance and intervention as sources of economic cost is crucial. A framework linking the key technical relationships is proposed. Three conceptually distinct stages of mitigation are identified. Avian influenza, salmonella, and foot and mouth disease are presented to illustrate the framework.

Submitted by ctong on

Anthrax is endemic and enzootic in Georgia with cases being registered since 1881 with over 2000 foci identified. Since 2005, 439 laboratory confirmed and 211 probable human cases and 190 laboratory confirmed animal cases have been registered. A case-control study performed in 2012 by the National Centre for Disease Control and Public Health (NCDC), National Food Agency (NFA) and the Field Epidemiology and Laboratory Training Program (FELTP) found the main transition routes for human cases are slaughtering diseased animals and handling raw meat without protective equipment.

Submitted by ctong on

The East African Community (EAC) is the regional intergovernmental organization of the Republics of Burundi, Kenya, Rwanda, the United Republic of Tanzania, and the Republic of Uganda, with its headquarters in Arusha, Tanzania. The East African Community (www.eac.int) is implementing the “One Health” initiative through the “East African Integrated Disease Surveillance Network (EAIDSNet)” which is a regional collaborative effort of the national Ministries responsible for human and animal health as well as the national health research and academic institutions of the five (5) EAC Partner States.

Objective

The main objectives of the Network are to promote cross-border integrated diseases prevention and control through “One Health” approaches and joint action focusing on innovative human, animal and ecosystem health interventions, to among others:1) enhance and strengthen cross-country and cross-institutional collaboration through regional coordination of activities and local community participation, 2) promote exchange and dissemination of appropriate information on Integrated Disease Surveillance (IDS) and other disease control activities, 3) harmonize integrated disease surveillance systems in the region, 4) strengthen capacity for implementing integrated disease surveillance and control activities, and 5) ensure continuous exchange of expertise and best practices for integrated disease surveillance and control of pandemics and epidemics of communicable and vector-borne diseases in the East African Community Partner States (Burundi, Kenya, Rwanda, Uganda and Tanzania).

Submitted by teresa.hamby@d… on

Integrated Disease Surveillance and Response (IDSR) is a strategy conceived and adopted by the World Health Organization Regional Office for Africa in 1998. The goal of IDSR is to support PHSS in Africa and enhance efficiency and communication across all levels of the national public health system. IDSR emphasizes the commitment of the revised International Health Regulations [IHR (2005)] to strengthen and maintain core capacities to detect, assess, report, and respond to public health events of international concern.

In February 2014, the Sudan Federal Ministry of Health (FMoH), requested an assessment of PHS with attention to PHSS integration opportunities and enhancing their ability to meet IHR (2005) requirements. A WHO Regional Office for the Eastern Mediterranean (WHO/EMRO) team of consultants performed this mission in collaboration with the FMoH.

Objective

This presentation aims to discuss the need and share the results from an international, multi-disciplinary mission to assess public health surveillance (PHS) in Sudan and develop a plan of action (PoA) to strengthen PHS through integration. We will present the findings of the mission and the resulting PoA developed for Public Health Surveillance Strengthening (PHSS) designed to rapidly detect, report and respond to infectious diseases and establish sustainable, integrated One Health concepts.

Submitted by teresa.hamby@d… on
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