Infectious Disease

With economic pressures to shift the care of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) to the ambulatory setting, there is a need to ensure safety of outpatients with CAP. The use of claims data alone remains the primary strategy for identifying these patients, but billing information often does not match the clinical diagnosis and does not have the ability to find unrecognized cases. In our previous work, an automated pneumonia case detection algorithm (CDA) was able to detect cases of CAP with positive predictive value of 71%. For this study, we begin to illustrate how this type of surveillance system may assist in evaluating the quality of outpatient care for CAP.

The burdens of poverty and disease continue to affect the livelihoods of pastoralists in Tanzania. Their knowledge of seasons and the ecosystems has evolved over years to manage human and animal health problems, including food insecurity. But, both local and global factors are putting pressure on their knowledge base and their capacity to manage health issues, this conflict has not been adequately explored nor have the synergies between indigenous and exotic knowledge.

Objective

To collect and assess indigenous knowledge and practices to manage diseases of food security as well as create opportunities to disseminate results for improving self-help.

Ebola virus disease (EVD) is a severe illness that spread in the human population through human-to-human transmission. In the past, EVD outbreaks occurred in the rural communities of Africa, near tropical rainforests, but the most recent outbreak in West Africa has also involved major urban areas and big cities, with air travel playing an important role in its spread.On July 23, 2014, the EVD outbreak was declared in Nigeria following the confirmation of EVD in a traveller, who arrived acutely ill at the international airport in Lagos, South Western Nigeria from Liberia .The outbreak subsequently filtered to a South Southern Nigeria city, by a symptomatic contact who escaped surveillance in Lagos and flew to the South Southern city.

Objective

This study describes the epidemiological characteristics and the transmission dynamics of the EVD outbreak in a South-Southern city of Nigeria.

Introduction Infectious disease surveillance is very important as an element in public health system in the prevention and control of infectious diseases. Results of the Korean National Notifiable Disease Surveillance System (KNNDSS) has contributed to the reduction of amount of infectious disease. Nevertheless, the “reporting rate” is continuously being debated.

The KNNDSS classifies 77 infectious diseases into 6 groups: Group I for those requiring immediate control measures; Group II for vaccine-preventable diseases; Group III for diseases that need routine monitoring; Group IV for emerging diseases in Korea; Group V for parasitic infections; and Group VI for disease that need monitoring outbreaks. Group I – VI diseases are monitored by mandatory surveillance system that requires obligatory reporting on infectious diseases ‘without delay’ to a district health center.

The using the National Health Insurance (NHI) claims data is the important source of information for healthcare service research in South Korea, since South Korea achieves universal coverage of its population. In the aspects of data quality and standard, the sixth revision of the Korean Classification of Disease (KCD-6) has been used in Korea since 2011, and 99.9% of healthcare providers use to claims to insurers utilizing Electronic Data Interchange transactions. In this respects, NHI claims data is an opportunity as a supplement for NDDSS data.

In this study, we explored the difference between NNDSS data and NHI claim data and determined opportunity and challenges using NHI data for estimation the magnitude of national infectious disease incidence.

Objective

This study will determine opportunity of using the National Health Insurance (NHI) claims data for supplemental notifiable infectious disease surveillance system at national or regional levels.

As of 2012, 3,400 000 million people (all ages) are living with HIV in Nigeria. The estimated new HIV infections is 260,000 and estimated AIDS death is 240,000.The reported number of adults on ART(Anti-retroviral treatment) was 459,465 and the ART coverage based on WHO guideline was 36%.The number of pregnant women living with HIV who received antiretroviral for preventing motherto-child –transmission was 33,323 and the percentage coverage was 17%. Enugu State has the highest prevalence (6.5%) of HIV/ AIDS in the South East and the fourth in Nigeria.To implement the commitments in the 2011 United Nations Political Declaration on HIV and AIDS and increase progress towards universal access to HIV prevention, treatment, care and support, Nigeria has developed the president’s Comprehensive Response Plan (PCRP). PCRP aims to bridge the current gap in service provision and funding. It assesses needs and gaps, identifies focus areas, and set targets for Prevention of mother to child transmission (PMTCT), ART and HIV Counseling and Testing (HCT) services. We determined the implementation of these preventive services by health care providers in Enugu State.

Objective

• To determine the percentage and trends of newly diagnosed HIV positive pregnant women

• To determine the percentage of pregnant women that are counseled tested with result.

• To determine the percentage and trend in the uptake ART among HIV positive pregnant women.

• To determine the average no of individual that are counseled and tested for HIV.

• To determine the average no of individual that are HIV positive

• To estimate the average no of individual currently on ART, newly started on ART and those enrolled into HIV care.

Approximately 2.7 million Americans live with chronic HCV, with roughly 30,000 new cases in 2013. Fortunately, recent clinical trials have shown great advances using interferon-free, oral direct-acting antivirals, with cure rates over 95% . But only a few people have been treated, and most are unaware of the infection. This presents an opportunity for public health to address unmet needs, but most jurisdictions have limited surveillance and prevention efforts. Leveraging HCV surveillance, this analysis presents a cost-effective method to improve situational awareness and guide prevention efforts in Houston.

Objective

To describe the use of Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) viral load (VL) results and geospatial analysis to guide prevention efforts.