Presented on December 6, 2016
The following slides were presented at the Pre-conference workshop of the 2016 ISDS Annual Conference in Atlanta, Georgia. This presentation provides and overview of the consultancy to bring together state and local public health departments, research partners, vector control personell, ISDS, and the Defense Threat Reduction Agency (DTRA) to discuss Emerging Arboviral Disease
Presenter: Sara Imholte Johnson, Arizona Department of Health Services
West Nile Virus (WNV) and dengue virus (DENV) are both arboviruses which are transmitted to humans by an infected mosquito bite during blood-meal feeding. The clinical presentations of nonneuroinvasive WNV and dengue fever are similar, and symptoms may include acute onset of high fever, headache, myalgia, arthralgia, nausea, vomiting, and often a maculopapular rash. More serious manifestations of these viruses include fatal encephalitis and meningitis in WNV patients and fatal hemorrhagic disease in dengue patients. Over the last decade, WNV has spread rapidly across North America, reaching Arizona in 2004, and has become a significant cause of human illness since that time. Even though dengue has been described as primarily a disease of the tropics and sub-tropical areas, there is a small but significant risk for dengue outbreaks in the continental United States as evidenced by surveillance efforts in Texas that identified local dengue transmission in 2005. In recent years, outbreaks of dengue have occurred in Mexico border states, most notably Sonora in 2010. That same year, Arizona had the highest incidence of WNV cases in the U.S. including number of neuroinvasive disease cases, total cases, and number of deaths per state. The emergence of DENV and WNV as important public health problems maybe have been due to non-effective mosquito control, global demographic changes (urbanization and population growth), increased air travel, and inadequate surveillance.
Objective:
To enhance arboviral surveillance and laboratory capacity to establish a surveillance baseline for the emerging threat of Dengue fever in the Arizona-Mexico border region.
Arizona reports an average of 116 cases of West Nile virus (WNV) each year, and in 2015, Arizona saw a reemergence of St. Louis encephalitis (SLE) virus. In addition, Arizona is at risk for importation of viruses such as chikungunya, dengue, and Zika due to an abundance of Aedes aegypti mosquitoes in many parts of the state. Rapid identification of potential cases of arboviral disease (borne by mosquitoes and ticks) is critical to implementing appropriate public health responses.
This syndrome was created as a part of the Arboviral Syndromic Surveillance Project in Arizona, which includes bi-weekly monitoring of syndromic data to enhance traditional arboviral surveillance. The syndrome was developed using BioSense 2.0 phpMyAdmin and later transitioned to ESSENCE. The syndrome queries chief complaint and discharge diagnosis code
This syndrome was created as a part of the Arboviral Syndromic Surveillance Project in Arizona, which includes bi-weekly monitoring of syndromic data to enhance traditional arboviral surveillance. The syndrome was developed using BioSense 2.0 phpMyAdmin and later transitioned to ESSENCE. The syndrome queries chief complaint and discharge diagnosis code
This syndrome was created as a part of the Arizona Arboviral Syndrome Surveillance Project, which includes bi-weekly monitoring of syndromic data to enhance traditional surveillance. The syndrome was initially created using BioSesne 2.0 phpMyAdmin and later transitioned to ESSENCE.
Presented September 19, 2017.
The Louisiana Office of Public Health (OPH) Infectious Disease Epidemiology Section conducts emergency department (ED) syndromic surveillance using the Louisiana Early Event Detection System (LEEDS). LEEDS automatically processes electronic chief complaint, admit reason and diagnosis data to identify ED visits indicative of specific syndromes. In response to local transmission of chikungunya virus in the Caribbean and the first travel-associated case in Louisiana in May of 2014, OPH conducted an arboviral syndromic surveillance study to validate arboviral syndromes and evaluate the utility and practicality of detecting and monitoring arboviral disease using ED chief complaint, admit reason and diagnosis text data.
Objective
To validate arboviral syndromes and evaluate the utility and practicality of detecting and monitoring arboviral disease using ED chief complaint, admit reason and diagnosis text data.
Arizona is facing multiple public health threats from arboviral diseases. State and local public health departments are monitoring two mosquito-borne outbreaks within its borders and two in adjacent territories. To prevent transmission, viremic patients must be identified in a timely manner and encouraged to avoid additional mosquito exposure and vector control actions must be implemented. Using traditional surveillance, however, health departments may not be alerted until the laboratory confirms and reports a positive result, which may take up to 14 days after specimen collection. The Arizona Department of Health Services (ADHS) partnered with local public health jurisdictions to enhance traditional arboviral surveillance by incorporating syndromic surveillance.
Objective
To develop a protocol for enhancing traditional arboviral surveillance with syndromic surveillance and to evaluate the protocol for accuracy, effectiveness, and timeliness
Flea-borne diseases in Kazakhstan have been a significant health risk to inhabitants and visitors for ages, particularly plague. Flea-borne rickettsial disease threats are unknown in Kazakhstan, we therefore initiated a study to detect and identify flea-borne rickettsiae among fleas collected in the Almaty Oblast, in southeastern Kazakhstan.