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One Health Surveillance

Live poultry markets (LPMs) continue to operate in many Asian countries. Low pathogenic avian influenza (LPAI) viruses are often endemic in the poultry, and LPM presents the opportunity for human-poultry interactions and potential human infections with avian influenza viruses.

As a series of interventions to control avian influenza transmission in Hong Kong LPMs, local health authority implemented market rest days once every month since mid-2001, and an additional rest day every month since 2003, during which all unsold poultry were slaughtered and the stalls cleaned and disinfected. Rest days were found to effectively reduce avian influenza A(H9N2) isolation rate to baseline level for a few days following the rest days. However, H9N2 isolation rate was still observed to be increasing between the rest days, indicating the existence of efficient transmission in spite of rapid turnover of poultry.

In LPMs, poultry are usually stored in cages where drinking water is shared among poultry. This is analogous to environmental contamination in the wild, but transmissibility may even be higher due to the dense environment. The use of drinking water for avian influenza surveillance in LPM setting was suggested to be more sensitive than fecal samples. However, the relative contribution of direct fecal-oral versus water transmission routes in the LPM setting was not yet understood. This study aimed to determine their role, which will have implications in the control of avian influenza transmission. 

Objective

This study assessed the transmission of low pathogenic avian influenza in live poultry market setting, using paired fecal and drinking water samples from a longitudinal surveillance program. The relative contribution of transmission via direct fecal-oral route versus drinking water will be determined. 

 

Submitted by Magou on

Since resources are scarce and governments must work within limited budgets, economic analysis of surveillance systems are an important aid to decision-making by describing alternative surveillance options and identifying which of these is to be preferred if the objective is to obtain the best level of net benefit from the scarce resources available. Economic appraisals of surveillance need to be done on a case by case basis for any hazard considering both surveillance and intervention performance, the losses avoided and the values attached to them.

Characteristics and conditions of backyard production systems (BPS) transform them into potential maintainers of priority zoonotic agents, like Salmonella spp., highly important agent because of its impact in animal and public health. 

Objective

The purpose of this study was to detect the presence of circulating Salmonella spp. on backyard production systems (BPS) with poultry or swine breeding in central Chile 

Submitted by Magou on

Since the emergence of avian influenza A(H7N9) virus in 2013, extensive surveillances have been established to monitor the human infection and environmental contamination with avian influenza virus in southern China. At the end of 2015, human infection with influenza A(H5N6) virus was identified in Shenzhen for the first time through these surveillances. These surveillances include severe pneumonia screening, influenza like illness (ILI) surveillance, follow-up on close contact of the confirmed case, serological survey among poultry workers, environment surveillance in poultry market.

Objective

To determine avian influenza A(H5N6) virus infection in human and environment using extensive surveillances. To evaluate the prevalence of H5N6 infection among high risk population. 

Submitted by Magou on

Coccidioidomycosis, commonly referred to as Valley Fever, is caused by the soil-borne saprophytic fungus C. immitis and posadasii. These species have historically been found in the desert southwest and Mexico; however, in 2010 there were three coccidioidomycosis cases identified in central Washington. Colonization of soils by C. immitis has been confirmed at exposure sites associated with these cases. Multiple studies have identified a relationship between environmental conditions and C. immitis growth areas, but these relationships have not been evaluated in Washington. The Washington State Department of Health has been conducting environmental surveillance in an effort to understand the geographic distribution of C. immitis in central Washington and the associated risk to humans and animals. Here we describe our environmental surveillance efforts and present preliminary findings related to environmental conditions of C. immitis growth areas in central Washington.

Objective

Our objective is to describe the environmental conditions associated with confirmed Coccidioides immitis growth and accumulation sites in south central Washington in an effort to understand the ecology and identify additional potential sites across this emerging endemic zone. 

 

 

Submitted by Magou on

While enhanced collaboration and sharing of surveillance information between the animal and the public health sectors is increasingly recognized as key to improved public health outcomes, evidence on the added value of an integrated approach to zoonoses surveillance is still lacking. From an economic perspective it is of interest to explore whether overall resources are used more efficiently by integrated surveillance when compared to a surveillance system with separated, sector-specific components.

The first part of the presentation will present on a disease prioritization study that was conducted in 2010-2011 to prioritize zoonotic diseases in North America using a quantitative method called Conjoint Analysis. The second part of the presentation will focus on a disease prioritization tool that was developed using a subset of the results from the international study, the tool combines the Conjoint Analysis results with multi-criteria decision analysis to allow users of the tool to develop a user-driven disease priority list.

The presentation will be an overview of veterinary services, and why one health is important; It will include the role of veterinary services in One Health and examples from the field of veterinary services One Health collaborations. 

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