Query purpose:
The purpose of the CDC Pedestrian Motor Vehicle Traffic Injury v1 syndrome definition is to assist with detection of initial emergency department (ED) visits among pedestrians unintentionally injured on public roads in traffic-related crashes involving a motor vehicle. The syndrome definition can be used to monitor trends and might help identify situations and populations that could be well served by specific injury prevention strategies.
Definition description:
The Florida Department of Health (FDOH) previously monitored Florida Poison Information Center (FPICN) data for timely detection of increases in carbon monoxide (CO) exposures before, during, and after hurricanes. Recent analyses have noted that CO poisonings have also increased with generator use and improper heating of homes during cold winter months in Florida. Similarly, increases in CO poisoning cases related to motor vehicles have been observed during summer months. CO is an odorless, colorless, poisonous gas causing sudden illness and death, if present in sufficient concentration in ambient air. The most common signs and symptoms include headache, nausea, lethargy/fatigue, weakness, abdominal discomfort/pain, confusion, and dizziness.
Objective
This presentation summarizes Florida’s experience in identifying CO poisoning clusters using ESSENCE-based syndromic surveillance.
The burden of asthma is a major public health issue, and of a wider interest particularly to public health practitioners, health care providers and policy makers, as well as researchers. The literature on forecasting of adverse respiratory health events like asthma attacks is limited. It is an unclear field; and there is a need for more research on the forecasting of the demand for hospital respiratory services.
Objective
This paper describes a framework for creating a time series data set with daily asthma admissions, weather and air quality factors; and then generating suitable lags for predictive multivariate quantile regression models (QRMs). It also demonstrates the use of root mean square error (RMSE) and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) error measures in selecting suitable predictive models.
CKD is currently the ninth leading cause of death in the United States. The prevalence of end-stage renal disease, the most severe form of CKD, has doubled in the last decade.1 Early detection and treatment of CKD is critical to slowdown the progression of the disease and to decrease the risk of other chronic conditions, such as cardiovascular disease.2 One accessible and cost-effective method for health research activities involves use of medical administrative databases, such as insurance claims databases and institutional medical record systems. Individuals with diabetes, for example, have been accurately identified in Medicare and Veterans’ Health Administration databases using clearly defined and highly valid search algorithms.3 However, little is known about the validity of administrative databases for identifying CKD. A systematic review of the literature was conducted to identify the validity of published methods for searching administrative databases for cases of CKD.
Objective
This poster summarizes a systematic literature conducted to (1) describe published methods for researching chronic kidney disease (CKD) in administrative databases and (2) summarize the reported validity of methods of searching for CKD in administrative databases.
West Virginia continues to lead the nation in drug overdose deaths per capita. In 2016, the age-adjusted rate of drug overdose deaths was 52 per 100,0001. In the same year, there were roughly 64,000 overdose deaths in the United States, a 21.5% rate increase from 20151. The drug overdose epidemic in West Virginia has taken a significant toll on individuals, families, communities, and resources. As part of a rapid response plan to help reduce the burden of overdose deaths, the West Virginia Department of Health and Human Resources conducted an investigative report to study 830 overdose related deaths that occurred in 2016 and identify opportunities for intervention in the 12 months prior to death. Utilization of EMS among decedents was analyzed to determine demographic differences between decedents at different time points of EMS contact: EMS contact at death only; EMS contact 12 months prior to death only; and both EMS contact at death and 12 months prior to death.
Objective: Opioid and illicit substance abuse continues to have major public health implications in the state of West Virginia. By analyzing the Emergency Medical Service (EMS) utilization history of drug overdose decedents, opportunities to improve surveillance of fatal and non-fatal drug overdoses can be identified which can help lead prevention efforts of fatal drug overdoses in the state.
In March 2018, the Illinois Department of Public Health (IDPH) was informed of a cluster of coagulopathy cases linked to SC use. By June 30, 2018, 172 cases were reported, including five deaths, where 74% were male and the mean age was 35.3 years (range: 18âÂÂ65 years). All cases presented to an emergency department (ED) at least once for this illness. Ninety-four cases provided clinical specimens and all tested positive for brodifacoum, a long-acting anticoagulant used in rodenticide. Cases were reported to the health department by the Illinois Poison Control Center and direct reporting from hospitals. REDCap was the primary database for tracking cases and collecting demographic information, risk factor data and healthcare facility utilization, including number of ED visits. Syndromic surveillance was utilized to monitor ED visits related to the cluster, assist with case finding and provide situational awareness of the burden on the EDs and geographic spread. In this study, we retrospectively used syndromic surveillance along with the data in REDCap to quantify the number of ED visits per coagulopathy case, understand the reasons for repeat visits, and determine whether visits were captured in syndromic surveillance.
Objective: To determine whether emergency department (ED) visits were captured in syndromic surveillance for coagulopathy cases associated with an outbreak linked to synthetic cannabinoid (SC) use and to quantify the number of ED visits and reasons for repeat visits.
In 2016, a half million people were treated in U.S. emergency departments (EDs) as a result of self-harm. 1 Not only is self-harm a major cause of morbidity in the U.S., but it is also one of the best predictors of suicide. Given that approximately 40% of suicide decedents visited an ED in the year prior to their death and that the majority of medically-serious self-harm patients are treated in EDs2, EDs serve as a critical setting in which to monitor rates and trends of suicidal behavior. To date, the majority of ED data for self-harm are generally two to three years old and thereby can only be used to describe historical patterns in suicidal behavior. Thus, in 2018, a syndrome definition for suicide attempts and suicidal ideation (SA/SI) was developed by the International Society for Disease Surveillance (ISDS) Syndrome Definition Committee in conjunction with Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) staff, allowing researchers to better monitor recent trends in medically treated suicidal behavior using data from the CDC's National Syndromic Surveillance Program (NSSP). These data serve as a valuable resource to help detect deviations from typical patterns of SA/SI and can help drive public health response if atypical activity, such as geospatial or temporal clusters of SA/SI, is observed. Such patterns may be indicative of suicide contagion (i.e., exposure to the suicide or suicidal behavior of a friend or loved one, or through media content, that may put individuals at increased risk of suicidal behavior). Research has demonstrated that suicide contagion is a real phenomenon. 3 13 Reasons Why is a Netflix series focused on social, school, and family-related challenges experienced by a high school sophomore; each episode in the 13-episode series describes a problem faced by the main character, which she indicates contributed to her decision to die by suicide. The series premiered March 31, 2017 and is rated TV-MA by TV Parental Guidelines4 (may be unsuitable for those under age 18 years due to graphic content). Nevertheless, the series has become popular among youth under 18 years of age. Of note, in the final episode, the main character's suicide by wrist laceration is graphically depicted. Following the premiere of the series, researchers and psychologists across the U.S. expressed concern that this graphic depiction of suicide could result in a contagion effect, potentially exacerbating suicidal thoughts and behavior among vulnerable youth viewers. To date, the only empirical data demonstrating the potential iatrogenic effects of this graphic portrayal of suicide comes from a study of Google Trends data demonstrating an increase in online suicide queries in the weeks following the show, with most of the queries focusing on suicidal ideation (e.g., how to commit suicide, how to kill yourself).5 However, there has been no study to examine changes in nonfatal self-harm trends following the series debut.
Objective: To describe national-level trends in nonfatal self-harm and suicidal ideation among 10-19 year old youth from January 2016 through December 2017 and examine the impact of popular entertainment on suicidal behavior.
The opioid drug overdose crisis presents serious challenges to state-based public health surveillance programs, not the least of which is uncertainty in the detection of cases in existing data systems. New Jersey historically had slightly higher unintentional drug overdose death rates than the national average, but by 2001 dramatic increases in drug overdose deaths in states like West Virginia began to drive up the national rate (Figure 1). Although the rise in New Jersey's fatal overdose rates has mirrored the national rate since 1999, the rate has dramatically increased since 2011- from 9.7 per 100,000 (868 deaths) to 21.9 per 100,000 in 2016 (1,931 deaths), an increase of 125% in five years.1 The New Jersey Department of Health has been funded by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) to conduct surveillance of opioid-involved overdoses through the Enhanced Surveillance of Opioid-Involved Overdose in States (ESOOS) program, and to conduct syndromic surveillance through the National Syndromic Surveillance Program (NSSP); this has presented a collaboration opportunity for the Department's surveillance grantee programs to use existing resources to evaluate and refine New JerseyâÂÂs drug overdose case definitions and develop new indicators to measure the burden of overdose throughout the state and to facilitate effective responses.
Objective: Link syndromic surveillance data for potential opioid-involved overdoses with hospital discharge data to assess positive predictive value of CDC Opioid Classifiers for conducting surveillance on acute drug overdoses.
LBP is one of the leading contributors to disease burden worldwide [1]. In France, LBP is a frequent reason of general practice consultations. According to a study published in 2017 and based on 2014 data issued of the National Health Insurance Cross-Schemes Information System (Sniiram) [2], this pathology stands for 30% of thickness leave and 4 of 5 people will suffer of low back pain during their own life. Most often, LBP is a chronic pathology with acute episodes which most often require emergency care. In order to prevent chronicity, French health care insurance launched into a mainstream national prevention campaign during spring 2018. This campaign was also targeted for health professional to inform them of the best recommendations to provide to their patients. Then the French society of emergency medicine (SFMU) has been asked to relay this campaign to emergency departments (ED) where LBP is a frequent reason of attendance. Since 2004, the French syndromic surveillance system SurSaUD® [3] coordinated by the French Public Health Agency (Santé publique France) daily collects morbidity data from the emergency departments (ED) network Oscour®. Almost 92% of the French ED attendances were recorded by the system in 2017. The availability of this large ED dataset on the whole territory since several years gives the opportunity to describe LBP attendances before the potential fallout of the national prevention campaign.
Objective: The study describes the characteristics of attendances for low back pain (LBP) in the French emergency departments (ED) network Oscour®, in order to give an overview of this disease before launching a prevention campaign.
Recent reporting using data from CDC's National Syndromic Surveillance Program indicates that rates of emergency department (ED) visits involving suspected opioid overdoses increased by 70% in the Midwest from the third quarter (Q3) 2016 (July-September) to the Q3 2017. Large increases in the use and distribution of illicitly-manufactured fentanyl (IMF) and fentanyl analogs, are a key factor driving increased opioid overdose rates in the Midwest and east of the Mississippi River. Fentanyl is a synthetic opioid 50-100 times more potent than morphine. A better understanding of the distribution of changes in opioid overdose rate from Q3 2016 to Q3 2017 within states needed to inform response and prevention efforts.
Objective: This presentation will provide insight into how the extensive spread of illicitly-manufactured fentanyl impacted opioid overdose rates throughout the Midwest and neighboring states.