Evaluation

As of 2012, 3,400 000 million people (all ages) are living with HIV in Nigeria. The estimated new HIV infections is 260,000 and estimated AIDS death is 240,000.The reported number of adults on ART(Anti-retroviral treatment) was 459,465 and the ART coverage based on WHO guideline was 36%.The number of pregnant women living with HIV who received antiretroviral for preventing motherto-child –transmission was 33,323 and the percentage coverage was 17%. Enugu State has the highest prevalence (6.5%) of HIV/ AIDS in the South East and the fourth in Nigeria.To implement the commitments in the 2011 United Nations Political Declaration on HIV and AIDS and increase progress towards universal access to HIV prevention, treatment, care and support, Nigeria has developed the president’s Comprehensive Response Plan (PCRP). PCRP aims to bridge the current gap in service provision and funding. It assesses needs and gaps, identifies focus areas, and set targets for Prevention of mother to child transmission (PMTCT), ART and HIV Counseling and Testing (HCT) services. We determined the implementation of these preventive services by health care providers in Enugu State.

Objective

• To determine the percentage and trends of newly diagnosed HIV positive pregnant women

• To determine the percentage of pregnant women that are counseled tested with result.

• To determine the percentage and trend in the uptake ART among HIV positive pregnant women.

• To determine the average no of individual that are counseled and tested for HIV.

• To determine the average no of individual that are HIV positive

• To estimate the average no of individual currently on ART, newly started on ART and those enrolled into HIV care.

International Diabetes Federation (IDF) estimates that 21.4 million women in 2013 had some form of hyperglycaemia in pregnancy and in India alone an estimated 4 million women have GDM. Recognizing the shortfall of trained manpower; Certificate Course in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (CCGDM) was launched in 2012; since then it has spread across 17 states and 39 cities across 55 regional training centers and trained 2400 Primary care physicians (PCP) all across India.

Objective With implementation of program on all India level aim is to develop a robust monitoring and evaluation system to ensure quality assurance and standardized course delivery on all India level.

The vaccine preventable diseases (VPDs) of measles and diphtheria in India were responsible for 47% of global measles mortality and 20% of global diphtheria mortality in 2010. We evaluated the VPD surveillance system of Delhi, focusing on measles and diphtheria.

Objective

The specific objective was to evaluate the VPD surveillance system of Delhi, focusing on measles and diphtheria.

Histoplasmosis is an infectious disease caused by a fungus called Histoplasma capsulatum. Fungal spores are found in the soil, mostly associated with bird and bat droppings, and if inhaled can cause lung infection. Histoplasmosis is a reportable disease in Michigan and a case definition was implemented in 2007. Cases are reported into the Michigan Disease Surveillance System (MDSS), a web-based electronic database, and investigated by local health departments (LHD). An evaluation of the histoplasmosis surveillance system was conducted.

In Africa, approximately 13 million cases of measles and 650,000 deaths occur annually, with sub-Saharan Africa having the highest morbidity and mortality (1). Measles infection is endemic in Nigeria and has been documented to occur all year round despite high measles routine and supplemental immunisation coverage (2,3). The frequent outbreaks of Measles in Kaduna State prompted the need for the reevaluation of the Measles case-based surveillance system.

Objective

To evaluate the case-based Measles surveillance system in Kaduna State of Nigeria and identify gaps in its operations.

National Influenza Sentinel Surveillance (NISS) was established in Nigeria in 2006 to monitor influenza occurrence in humans in Nigeria and provide a foundation for detecting outbreaks of novel strains of influenza. Surveillance for influenza-like illness (ILI) and severe acute respiratory infection (SARI) is carried out in 4 sentinel sites. Specimens and epidemiological data are collected and transported 4 days a week from the sentinel sites to the National Influenza Reference Laboratory. At the laboratory, they are tested for influenza A and B viruses and further subtyped if positive for influenza A virus.

Objective

To assess the performance of the surveillance system and identify factors affecting the performance.

In Michigan, both presentations of legionellosis, Pontiac Fever (PF) and Legionnaires’ Disease (LD), are reportable through the Michigan Disease Surveillance System (MDSS), a web-based electronic database. Legionella pneumophila serogroup 1 is responsible for 5090% of cases.1,2 Several diagnostic tests are available with varying sensitivities and specificities. Urinary Antigen testing (UAg) is the most commonly used test but only reliably detects L. pneumophila-1. Culturing is the gold standard test but is limited by antibiotic interference, technical expertise, and time.3 The purpose of this study was to evaluate Michigan’s legionellosis surveillance system and to determine if diagnostic methods influenced case distribution.

Objective

To describe the strengths and weaknesses of Michigan’s legionellosis surveillance system and the influence of diagnostic methods on the temporal and geographic distribution of legionellosis cases in Michigan.

Evaluation of a public health surveillance system is one of the major outputs of the field attachment of the Nigeria Field Epidemiology and Laboratory Training Programme.To conduct this activity, the HIV/AIDS surveillance system in Enugu State, Nigeria was evaluated. The evaluation was conducted from February to March 2014.The objectives of the evaluation were to describe the attributes and process of operation of HIV/AIDS surveillance system in Enugu State, determine if the set objectives for establishing HIV/ AIDS surveillance are being met or not, determine the efficiency and effectiveness of the HIV/AIDS surveillance system and to make appropriate recommendations for improving the surveillance system.

Objective

• To determine the public health importance and relevance of the surveillance system.
• To describe the process of operation and purpose of the system and assess its key attributes.
• To determine the effectiveness and efficiency of the surveillance system.
• To make appropriate recommendations to stakeholders for its improvement.

Hepatitis C is a nationally notifiable viral infection that occurs as a result of parenteral contact with infected body fluids. An estimated 3.5 million persons are currently infected with HCV.1 Infection status is divided into acute (short-term, onset within 6 month of exposure) and chronic (long-term). For most people (75-85%), acute HCV infection leads to chronic infection.2 Those with chronic infection remain relatively asymptomatic until the infection becomes severe enough to be recognized or the infected individual is screened for infection with hepatitis C. Major causes of morbidity and mortality associated with HCV are liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Treatment is available, but it is expensive and not recommended for some vulnerable populations, such as those with ongoing injection drug use (IDU), who account for the majority of new HCV infections in the United States.3-5 Washington State records cases of both acute and chronic HCV infection, but the system is fragmented.

Objective

To evaluate the surveillance system for hepatitis C virus in Washington State using the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention guidelines for evaluating public health surveillance systems. Based on the findings of the evaluation, recommendations will be made for changes in practice.

Monitoring heat-related illness (HRI) is a public health priority in Maricopa County, Arizona. Since 2006, Maricopa County Department of Public Health has utilized data from hospital discharges, medical examiner preliminary reports, and death certificates to quantify heat-related morbidity and mortality, but these surveillance methods take time. Identifying HRI more quickly would improve situational awareness and allow public health officials to launch a more immediate response to extreme heat events. Arizona began using BioSense 2.0 in July 2014 to collect chief complaint and diagnosis data for syndromic surveillance. The BioSense Front End Application uses a standard query definition for HRI (i.e., “Heat, excessive”), but this definition may perform differently for each jurisdiction.

Objective

To evaluate the pre-defined “Heat, excessive” query in BioSense 2.0 using recent Maricopa County, Arizona data; quantify the number of cases retrieved by the query due to chief complaint terms rather than clinical diagnosis; and provide a list of terms to be considered for exclusion criteria while developing a custom query