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Drug Overdose

The State of Ohio, as well as the country, has experienced an increasing incidence of drug ODs over the last three decades [3]. Of the increased number of unintended drug OD deaths in 2008, 9 out of 10 were caused by medications or illicit drugs [1]. In Ohio, drug ODs surpassed MVCs as the leading cause of injury death in 2007. This trend has continued through the most current available data [3]. Using chief complaint data to quickly track changes in the geographical distribution, demographics, and volume of drug ODs may aid public health efforts to decrease the number of associated deaths.

Objective:

Preliminary analysis was completed to define, identify, and track the trends of drug overdoses (OD), both intentional and unintentional, from emergency department (ED) and urgent care (UC) chief complaint data.

 



 

Submitted by Magou on

Drug-related deaths have increased over the past decade throughout the United States. In New York City (NYC), every year there are approximately 900 psychoactive drug-related fatalities with the majority involving opioids. Unintentional drug overdose is the fourth leading cause of early adult death in NYC, and high rates of drug-related morbidity among drug users are evidenced by over 30,000 drug mentions in NYC emergency departments each year. Moreover, nonfatal overdose may be common among chronic drug users. Despite the relationship between fatal and non-fatal overdose clusters and continued increases in drug-related morbidity and mortality, no regular surveillance system currently exists. The implementation of a drug-related early warning system can inform and target a comprehensive public health response addressing the significant health problem of overdose morbidity and mortality.

 

Objective

This presentation describes how multiple syndromic data sources from emergency medical services ambulance dispatches and emergency department visits can be combined to routinely monitor citywide spatial patterns of adverse drug events and drug morbidity. This information can be used to target information, treatment and prevention services to drug “hotspots,” to provide early warning for drug-related morbidity, and to detect potential increased risk for overdose death.

Referenced File
Submitted by elamb on

Drug overdose claimed the lives of more than 63,000 Americans in 2016. The majority of these deaths, over 42,000, involved opioids such as heroin, prescription painkillers, and, increasingly, illicitly manufactured fentanyl. Indiana is not immune to this national crisis. In 2003, for example, only three Indiana residents died from heroin-related overdose. In 2016, the number was 296.

Submitted by ctong on

The overdose crisis continues unabated. While the epidemic was originally fueled largely by prescription opioid pain relievers, around 2010 a dramatic increase in heroin-related overdoses began. After remaining essentially stable for years, overdose deaths involving heroin spiked rapidly, more than tripling between 2010 and 2014. Starting in 2014, the epidemic began another transformation. Black market drug products—both heroin and counterfeit pills - became increasingly adulterated with illicitly—manufactured synthetic opioids, mainly fentanyl analogues.

Submitted by ctong on

Unused, expired and leftover medicines that accumulate in homes represent a significant public health problem by increasing the risk of drug misuse and preventable poisonings. According to the National Survey on Drug Use and Health, nearly 75% percent of people who reported misusing painkillers in 2013-2014 most recently got the medication from a friend, family member, or dealer. Improper disposal of unwanted medications also poses a heightened risk to the environment.

Submitted by ctong on

On April 14, 2016, British Columbia (BC)’s Provincial Health Officer declared a public health emergency due to a significant increase in drug-related overdoses and deaths in the Province. Despite the declaration, 161 suspected drug overdose deaths were reported across the Province in December 2016, a 137% increase over the number of deaths occurring in the same month of 2015. In response to the surge overdoses, Vancouver Coastal Health Authority (VCH), one of 5 health regions within BC, rapidly implemented a number of novel harm reduction initiatives. Overdose Prevention Sites (OPS) were opened on December 8, 2016. At these sites, people using illicit drugs are supervised by peers who can provide rapid intervention if an overdose occurs. The Mobile Medical Unit (MMU), a temporary state-of-art medical facility, was deployed on December 13, 2016 to reduce the congestion for the BC Ambulance Service (BCAS) and a major urban emergency department (ED). Following deployment of the MMU, services were transitioned to a permanent program at the Downtown Eastside Connections Clinic (DTES Connections) in the spring of 2017. DTES Connections was created to provide rapid access to addiction treatment. In order to keep pace with the rapidly increasing number of novel harm reduction initiatives, enhanced surveillance programs were implemented at VCH to monitor and evaluate these innovative harm reduction activities, including development of new surveillance programs for the MMU, OPS and DTES Connections, along with existing routine surveillance system from EDs and a Supervised Injection Site (Insite).

Objective:

To describe the use of multiple data sources to monitor overdoses in near real-time in order to evaluate response to the provincial overdose emergency

Submitted by elamb on

Since 2008, drug overdose deaths exceeded the number of motor vehicle traffic-related deaths in Indiana and the gap continues to widen1. As the opioid crisis rages on in the United States the federal government is providing funding opportunities to states, but it often takes years for best practices to be developed, shared, and published. Indiana State Department of Health (ISDH) has developed a standard process for monitoring and alerting local health partners of increases in drug overdoses captured in Indiana’s syndromic surveillance system (ESSENCE). ISDH is launching a pilot project to encourage local partners to start a conversation about overdose response capabilities and planning efforts in their community. Other states have published articles about drug overdose syndromic surveillance (SyS) data being used to inform local public health action, however, the local overdose response activity details were vague 2,3. With the opioid crisis continuing to spiral out of control in the United States, it is imperative to work together as local, state, and national partners to find potential solutions to this crisis.

Objective:

The overall objective of this session is to discuss opportunities to use drug overdose syndromic surveillance (SyS) data to encourage action among local public health partners. After this roundtable discussion, participants will be able to:

  • Identify opportunities to promote use of drug overdose SyS data to their health partners.
  • Plan for potential drug overdose public health interventions.
  • Develop relationships with roundtable attendees to continue the conversation and sharing of ideas about use of drug overdose SyS data.
Submitted by elamb on
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