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Animal Health

In Ukraine in spite of considerable financial expenses on oral immunization of foxes and parenteral immunization of dogs and cats, it is not succeeded to reach considerable results in the fight with rabies. Unfortunately there was a negative tendency to increasing a part of dogs and cats in the structure of rabies disease which are the main source of rabies in people.

Objective

The purpose of the research was to find out the reasons of rabies antropurgisation in Ukraine.

Submitted by teresa.hamby@d… on

The CA/BC border region encompasses a wide range of ecosystems, topography, dense urban areas, and agricultural developments that coexist in a limited geographic area and create numerous humananimal-environmental interfaces. The region is recognized for its high biodiversity, the presence of over 85 endangered plant and animal species, its importance on the Pacific migratory pathway, high levels of population mobility, and hosts the busiest international border in the world. These interfaces pose a significant risk to animal, human, and environmental health, as evidenced by frequent wildlife die offs, antibiotic resistant bacteria in streams, beach closures due to fecal contamination, pesticide toxicities, zoonotic infectious disease outbreaks, and vector borne diseases. In the marked absence of any organization comprehensively addressing the health risks posed by these complex interfaces and recognizing that these issues necessitate a binational, cross-sectoral One Health approach, the Early Warning Infectious Disease Surveillance Program (EWIDS) founded One Border One Health (OBOH) in 2011. OBOH recognizes that early warning systems should systematically monitor animal, human, and environmental health and that early detection is key to control. Hence OBOH’s primary aim is to create and integrate early warning surveillance systems that gather data from disparate sources in order to protect and improve animal, human, and environmental health. This information can be used to inform decision makers about important public health events in the CA/BC border region.

Objective:

To showcase One Border One Health, a binational, multidisciplinary initiative in the California/Baja California (CA/BC) border region whose aim is to reconfigure traditional species-specific approaches to surveillance for emerging and re-emerging pathogens.

 

Submitted by Magou on

EPS is a comprehensive effort to complement other types of surveillance and provide early detection and situational awareness of significant endemic, zoonotic, and emerging diseases of livestock. The concept for EPS involves gathering syndromic and observational data from multiple animal health surveillance sources, including private practitioners, livestock markets, livestock harvest facilities, and veterinary diagnostic laboratories. A signal indicating a potential animal health event in one data stream can be corroborated in the other streams. For swine surveillance in the U.S., USDA-APHIS monitors the number of swine condemned for specific reasons. Likewise, industry practitioners share front-line clinical information within their practitioner network to detect anomalies. This case summary demonstrates the successful outcome of implementing an EPS pilot program through Federal and industry partnership.

Objective

To describe detection and response for an erysipelas outbreak in market swine in the United States (U.S.) using Food Safety and Inspection Service (FSIS) slaughter condemnation data, and coordination with the swine industry in an Enhanced Passive Surveillance (EPS) pilot project.

Submitted by teresa.hamby@d… on

Livestock sector contributes more than 58% to agriculture-based economy of Pakistan. Diseases of socio-economic importance are posing an enormous pressure to the growth of this sector. Zoonotic diseases are generally neglected in wake of epizootics having epidemic potential. One Health is a multi-sectoral approach to control zoonotic diseases at animal level to mitigate risk of transfer to the humans and environment. Despite various control programs, zoonosis is known to cause public health emergencies at various regional and national levels. OIE declared brucellosis as a model bacterial disease to control zoonosis in developing countries. Genus Brucella is expanding with its discovery in various amphibian species and marine mammals and demands control efforts at various levels. Reporting of zoonosis is less than actual prevalence in third world countries like Pakistan where disease is considered endemic but no official data is available. In this study, brucellosis was used as a model disease to emphasize the significance of One Health.

Objective:

To detect the presence of brucella in serum samples of occupationally exposed human and animals by conventional screening methods. To perform epidemiosurvelliance of brucella molecular based tests including genus and species specific PCR. To check the brucella prevalence in occupationally exposed human.

Submitted by elamb on

Pesticides are used in agriculture and in the home to control pests such as insects, weeds, fungi and rodents. Pesticide poisoning in animals is usually due to misuse or accidental exposure. Information on poisonings in livestock in North America is largely lacking. Examples of hotlines in the U.S. for animal poisoning consultations include the APCC ($65.00 fee) and the Pet Poison Helpline (PPH) ($59.00 fee). The APCC fields calls 24 hours/day, 7 days/week about animal poisonings from the U.S., its territories and Canada. Using data from almost 4 years of APCC calls we describe the occurrence, category and class of pesticides involved, and outcomes of suspected pesticide exposures in livestock. This information is useful to raise awareness, encourage the proper use of pesticides and identify specific pesticides with negative impact on livestock health.

Objective:

This study characterizes the epidemiology of suspected pesticide poisoning in livestock in the United States (U.S.) and Canada using data from calls to the American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (ASPCA) Animal Poison Control Center (APCC).

Submitted by elamb on

The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory is collaborating with epidemiologists of the US Dept. of Agriculture's Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS) Center for Epidemiology and Animal Health (CEAH) to increase animal health surveillance capacity. CEAH monitors selected syndromic animal health indicators for stakeholder reporting. This project’s goal was to extend this capacity to bovine veterinary laboratory test accession data.

Objective:

Standardize selection of indicator data streams and corresponding alerting algorithms for syndromic, reportable disease, and confirmed diagnostic categories derived from veterinary laboratory test order data for bovines.

Submitted by elamb on

The United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) Animal and Plant Inspection Service (APHIS) announced the first diagnosed case of PEDV in U.S. swine in Iowa on May 17, 2013. PEDV subsequently spread rapidly among the domestic swine herds throughout the United States. As of August 20, 2014, PEDV had been detected in 30 U.S. states affecting more than seven million pigs since the epidemic began. In the first year of emergence, PEDV reporting was voluntary, but on June 5, 2014, the Secretary of Agriculture issued a Federal Order that all cases of swine enteric coronavirus diseases (SECDs), including PEDV, were required to be reported to the USDA APHIS.

PEDV only affects swine and is not a public health concern. However, NBIC was interested in reporting on this disease due to the economic impact. Swine and pork products are valuable contributors to the domestic and international markets.

Objective

NBIC utilized information from various sources to communicate pertinent information on the emergence of Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus (PEDV) in the United States in written products to be distributed to its Federal partners.

Submitted by teresa.hamby@d… on

On a day to day basis, farmers and their veterinarians deal with many diseases without the benefit of surveillance for early outbreak detection, or coordinated outbreak responses. Without this support, highly contagious pathogens such as Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus (PEDv) can spread quickly and potentially cause significant harm. The purpose of this project was to develop a surveillance system to help Canadian swine farmers and veterinarians to deal more effectively with diseases

Objective

To improve swine farmers and veterinarians ability to manage disease

Submitted by teresa.hamby@d… on

Veterinary syndromic surveillance (VSS) is a fast growing field, but development has been limited by the limited use of standards in recording animal health events and thus their categorization into syndromes. The adoption of syndromic classification standards would allow comparability of outputs from systems using a variety of animal health data sources (clinical data, laboratory tests, slaughterhouse records, rendering plants data, etc), in addition to improving the ability to compare outputs among countries. The project “Standardising Syndromic Classification in Animal Health Data” (SSynCAHD) aims to standardize the classification of animal health records into syndromes.

Objective

To develop an ontology for the classification of animal health data into syndromes with application to syndromic surveillance.

 

Submitted by Magou on

Bovine cysticercosis is a zoonotic foodborne disease caused by Taenia saginata involving cattle as the intermediate host and humans as the final host. Humans are infected by eating raw or undercooked meat of infected cattle. Cattle are infected after grazing on pasture infected by human feces. Disease detection in cattle is performed during post-mortem meat inspection at the slaughterhouse through the identification of cysts in muscle tissue. Cysts develop from a viable stage to a degenerated stage in one to nine months, both stages being visible and distinguishable in cattle muscle. Due to the slow development of cysts and the complexity of cattle movements (up to ten different herds from birth to slaughter in France), there is a strong bias to consider the last farm location before slaughter as the location of infection.

Objective

Spatial analysis of infectious diseases enables identification of areas at high risk for infection, a useful tool for implementation of risk-based surveillance. For chronic diseases, the period between infection and detection can be long and when animal movements are important, identifying the place of infection is difficult. The objective of this study is to propose an innovative approach for spatial analysis that takes into account uncertainty regarding the location where animals were infected. An animal-herd-level weighted analysis was used and applied to bovine cysticercosis in France.

 

Submitted by Magou on
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