Skip to main content

Absenteeism

Description

During an influenza pandemic, when hospitals and doctors'™ offices are or are perceived to be overwhelmed, many ill people may not seek medical care. People may also avoid medical facilities due to fear of contracting influenza or transmitting it to others. Therefore, syndromic methods for monitoring illness outside of health care settings are important adjuncts to traditional disease reporting. Monitoring absenteeism trends in schools and workplaces provide the archetypal examples for such approaches. NIOSH's early experience with workplace absenteeism surveillance during the 2009 - 2010 H1N1 pandemic established that workplace absenteeism correlates well with the occurrence of influenza-like illness (ILI) and significant increases in absenteeism can signal concomitant peaks in disease activity. It also demonstrated that, while population-based absenteeism surveillance using nationally representative survey data is not as timely, it is more valid and reliable than surveillance based on data from sentinel worksites.1 In 2017, NIOSH implemented population-based, monthly surveillance of health-related workplace absenteeism among full-time workers.

Objective: To describe the methodology of the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) system for national surveillance of health-related workplace absenteeism among full-time workers in the United States and to present initial findings from October through July of the 2017 - 2018 influenza season.

Submitted by elamb on
Description

The Georgia Power Corporation (GPC) provides power to 155 (97.5%) of the 159 counties in Georgia (GA), and employs 9,600 people throughout the state. GPC is engaged in preparing for pandemic influenza, and committed to protecting the critical infrastructure and ensuring its continuity of operations. The GPC employee “Crisis Absence Reporting Tool” (CART) was designed to provide the Georgia Syndromic

Surveillance (GA SS) Program with employee absentee/ reason to inform Public Health and GPC leadership about health events occurring in their employees statewide.

The GA SS Program has been implemented in 13 (72%) of the 18 Health Districts. In each of these locations, data are transferred from an ED, ambulatory care center, or school district to the Georgia Division of Public Health (GDPH) for analysis and dissemination of results to all stakeholders. GDPH wanted to collaborate with a large corporation with a statewide employee base to conduct absentee and reason for absence SS to provide an additional perspective to the existing data streams used by GA SS.

In GA, the LHD are responsible for organizing pandemic planning committees comprised of community partners to discuss continuity of basic services and maintenance of the critical infrastructure at the local level during an influenza pandemic. Increasing SS capacity is an important component of Local Health District (LHD) pandemic planning strategies in GA.

 

Objective

To create a non-traditional partnership between the GPC and the GDPH to aid in adverse health event detection and response activities during an influenza pandemic or other health emergency. This will include augmenting CART with SS data from the GA SS Program. These data will be analyzed by GA SS and results disseminated to LHDs, who monitor and respond to SS data in their jurisdictions. Analyses will also be provided to GPC to aid in resource allocation to ensure the continuity of services in GA during emergencies.

Submitted by elamb on
Description

Sickness absence is particularly pronounced within health care organizations where job demands and work environment expose workers to an increased risk of illness and injury, potentially leading to an inability to attend work. Health Care Workers (HCWs), especially nurses who are primarily responsible for front-line patient care, are at high risk of acquiring infections from direct patient contact. In addition, there is greater risk of exposure to contaminated human blood and body fluids.

 

Objective

1) To identify and describe Occupational Health visits (overall and specific conditions) among full-time Kingston General Hospital employees, according to frequency, duration, workplace variables and seasonality. 2) To consider the association between absenteeism and HCW exposure risk to infectious diseases based on a proxy variable defining level of patient contact. 3) To examine the potential for integration of this occupational health data stream into an existing Emergency Department Syndromic Surveillance system.

Submitted by elamb on
Description

Syndromic surveillance offers the potential for earlier detection of bioterrorism, outbreaks, and other public health emergencies than traditional disease surveillance. The Maryland Department of Health and Mental Hygiene (DHMH) Office of Preparedness and Response (OP&R) conducts syndromic surveillance using the Electronic Surveillance System for the Early Notification of Community-based Epidemics (ESSENCE). Since its inception, ESSENCE has been a vital tool for DHMH, providing continuous situational awareness for public health policy decision makers. It has been established in the public health community that syndromic surveillance data, including school absenteeism data, has efficacy in monitoring disease, and specifically, influenza activity. Schools have the potential to play a major role in the spread of disease during an epidemic. Therefore, having school absenteeism data in ESSENCE would provide the opportunity to monitor schools throughout the school year and take appropriate actions to mitigate infections and the spread of disease.

Objective

The state of Maryland has incorporated 100% of its public school systems into a statewide disease surveillance system. This session will discuss the process, challenges, and best practices for expanding the ESSENCE system to include school absenteeism data as part of disease surveillance. It will also discuss the plans that Maryland has for using this new data source, as well as the potential for further expansion.

Submitted by teresa.hamby@d… on
Description

So as to develop more effective countermeasures against influenza, timely and precise information about influenza activity at schools, kindergartens, and nursery schools may be helpful. At the Infectious Diseases Surveillance Center of the National Institute of Infectious Diseases, a School Absenteeism Surveillance System (SASSy) has been in operation since 2009. SASSy monitors the activity of varicella, mumps, mycoplasma pneumonia, pharyngoconjunctival fever, hand-foot-mouth disease, influenza, and many other infectious diseases in schools. In 2010, SASSy was extended to the Nursery School Absenteeism Surveillance System (NSASSy). These systems record the number of absentees due to infectious diseases in each class of all grades of schools every day. As a powerful countermeasure to the pandemic flu of 2009, SASSy was activated in 9 prefectures, in which included more than 6000 schools, and it is gradually being adopted in other prefectures. As of February 2012, 18 prefectures and 4 big cities, which together comprised 15,700 schools (about 35% of all schools in Japan), utilized SASSy. NSASSy is used in more than 4100 nursery schools, which is about 18% of all nursery schools in Japan. Some studies of similar systems were performed in the UK (1), Hong Kong (2), and the USA (3,4), examined surveillance systems for monitoring infectious disease incidence, but the systems to construct in those studies do not operate nationwide like SASSy or NSASSy, and they cannot provide influenza incidence rates in children.

Objective: 

So far, it is difficult to show the incidence rate of influenza in the official sentinel surveillance in Japan. Hence we construct the system which record infectious diseases at schools, kindergartens, and nursery schools, and then can show the accurate incidence rate of influenza in children by age/grade.



 

Submitted by Magou on
Description

Transmission and amplification of influenza within schools has been purported as a driving mechanism for subsequent outbreaks in surrounding communities. However, the number of studies assessing the utility of monitoring school absenteeism as an indicator of influenza in the community is limited. ORCHARDS was initiated to evaluate the relationships between all-cause (a-Tot), illness-related (a-I), and influenza-like illness (ILI)-related absenteeism (a-ILI) within a school district and medically attended influenza A or B visits within the same community.

Objective:

The Oregon Child Absenteeism due to Respiratory Disease Study (ORCHARDS) was implemented to assess the relationships between cause-specific absenteeism within a school district and medically attended influenza visits within the same community.

Submitted by elamb on
Description

Absenteeism has great advantages in promoting the early detection of epidemics1. Since August 2011, an integrated syndromic surveillance project (ISSC) has been implemented in China2. Distribution of the absenteeism generally are asymmetry, zero inflation, truncation and non-independence3. For handling these encumbrances, we should apply the Zero-inflated Mixed Model (ZIMM).

Objective

To describe and explore the spatial and temporal variability via ZIMM for absenteeism surveillance in primary school for early detection of infectious disease outbreak in rural China.

Submitted by Magou on
Description

Absenteeism has been considered as a potential indicator for the early detection of infectious disease outbreaks in population, especially in primary schools. However, in practice this data are often characterized by an excess of zeros and spatial heterogeneity. In a project on integrated syndromic surveillance system (ISSC) in rural China, Random effect zero-inflated Poisson (RE-ZIP) model was applied to simultaneously quantify the spatial heterogeneity for “occurrence” and “intensity” on school absenteeism data.

Objective

To describe and explore the spatial heterogeneity via Random effects zero-inflated Poisson model (RE-ZIP) for absenteeism surveillance in primary school for early detection of infectious disease outbreak in rural China.

Submitted by teresa.hamby@d… on
Description

An electronic smart-card based school absenteeism surveillance system was introduced to Hong Kong since 2008. The pilot surveillance system initially began with 18 schools in 2008, and expanded to 107 schools in the current academic year of 2013-14. Data on all-cause absenteeism were collected from all participating schools and absenteeism due to sickness such as influenza-like illness, gastroenteritis and hand-foot-and-mouth disease were collected from 39 (36.4%) schools. Data collected were aggregated for the whole territory on a weekly basis for analysis. Temporal trend of influenza activity was disseminated with simple public health advice to each participating schools and the general public through a web-based dashboard [1]. These steps of data aggregation, analysis, and feedback report generation were automated by scripts in the software R which enhanced the timeliness and minimized workload required for maintaining the system.

Objective

This study evaluated the performance of an electronic smart-card based school absenteeism system in Hong Kong, 2008-2014.

Submitted by Magou on