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Chronic Disease or Injury

According to world health organization report 2011, coronary artery diseases are the number one cause of death globally: more people die annually from coronary artery diseases than from any other cause. An estimated 17.3 million people died from coronary artery diseases in 2008, representing 30% of all global deaths. Of these deaths, an estimated 7.3 million were due to coronary heart disease and 6.2 million were due to stroke. Low- and middle-income countries are disproportionally affected: over 80% of coronary artery diseases deaths take place in low- and middle-income countries and occur almost equally in men and women. Populations living in low and middle income countries are exposed to more risk factors associated with coronary artery disease as well as other non-communicable diseases and are less exposed to prevention efforts than people in high income countries.

Objective

To investigate the prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors among patients undergoing elective Coronary Artery Bypass Graft surgery (CABG) in Karachi, Pakistan.

 

Submitted by Magou on

This Primer, published by the Network for Public Health Law on November 17, 2017, and updated on August 1, 2018, on Opioid-related Public Health Emergencies provides key information and visual snapshots of federal, state, tribal, and local emergency declarations in response to the opioid crisis across the U.S. 

Submitted by ctong on

Cancers are among the leading causes of deaths globally. In subSaharan Africa, cancer-related deaths have been projected to increase significantly in the next few decades. Information on cancer is essential in planning and implementing cancer control and prevention activities. Registration and follow-up of cancer cases to estimate survival are useful tools in cancer control programmes. In Ghana, despite the existence of a national cancer prevention and control strategy, not much attention has been given to the problem. Cancer survival has been found to be poor in most developing countries due to late reporting. While late reporting may be a significant factor in cancer survival, the ability of clinical and community health staff to follow-up on cases can help and provide accurate information on cancer survival.

Objective

To identify challenges to community-based surveillance and follow up of breast cancer cases in Ghana.

 

Submitted by Magou on

The city of Boston has taken a pro-active stand to increase physical activity to decrease chronic disease. Included in that plan is to increase bicycle use and accessibility. Boston has been increasing the number of bike paths and lanes, introduced a new bike-share program, and held many city-wide, high profile cycling events. The Boston Public Health Commission has been leading a task force to promote healthy and safe bicycling, in part by identifying safety concerns. Syndromic data was used to describe the current demographic profile of bicycle injury visits to Emergency Departments.

Low- and Middle-Income Countries (LMIC) disproportionately bear the high burden of injuries, with 90% of all deaths due to injury occurring in these countries. In India, data on pre-hospital care of the injured is either absent or incomplete. The Bloomberg Philanthropies Global Road Safety Program is a five-year (2010- 2015) project implemented by a consortium of partners to improve road safety in 10 LMICs. The risk factors being addressed in India are reduction of drink driving and increasing helmet use. Up to 16 months of data from two large hospitals in Hyderabad (population 8 million) were retrospectively reviewed to examine the burden of road traffic injuries. Unfortunately, key information on the following was incomplete: alcohol use; location and activity of patient at the time of injury; nature of collision; vehicle in which patient was traveling; striking vehicle and type of road user. Information on the presence of safety equipment like helmet and seatbelt, and occurrence of prehospital care was uniformly absent. To overcome the information gap, round-the-clock injury surveillance was established in July 2013 in Hyderabad and in June 2014 in Visakhapatnam.

Objective

To describe the challenges and lessons learned in establishing road traffic injury surveillance in two large government teaching hospitals in two States of South India, with solutions that eventually helped streamline the process.

Submitted by teresa.hamby@d… on

A local foundation commissioned a project to determine the leading causes of childhood injury in Wake County, NC. Multiple sources of secondary data, including syndromic surveillance data, were used to describe leading causes of childhood injury in the county.

Objective

To utilize secondary data sources to describe childhood injury and prioritize prevention efforts in Wake County, NC.

 

Submitted by Magou on

In June 2004, the French syndromic surveillance system based on the ED has been implemented by the French institute for public health surveillance (InVS), starting with 23 ED. In August 2014, about 600 ED (40,000 daily attendances) are included in the Oscour network, recording 80% of the national total attendances.

Asthma is one of the about 60 syndromic indicators monitored each day and followed all over the year.

This indicator presents important fluctuations and can be influenced by several environmental and infectious but also societal factors. Particularly factors like air pollution are known to have both short and long term impact on asthma while thunderstorms are associated with acute outbreaks of asthma.

Objective

Description of the temporal pattern of the daily number of attendances in emergency departments (ED) for asthma in Paris area and identification of the main factors influencing this indicator.

Submitted by teresa.hamby@d… on

Globally, over seven million children under the age of five die each year. A suite of interventions, including safe delivery care, neonatal care and resuscitation, and management of childhood diarrhea, malnutrition, and pneumonia, can prevent many of these deaths. Each intervention relies on functional health systems to be delivered effectively. Prerequisites for effective health systems strengthening strategies are tools for surveillance of disease patterns and monitoring of healthcare facilities' functioning.

United States federal, state and local public health often collaborate with poison centers (PCs) for hazardous exposure and illness surveillance. The primary goals of this collaboration are to improve public health surveillance for hazardous exposures and illnesses by identifying early markers of chemical incidents and to find cases of illness during an emerging public health incident in order to enhance situational awareness.

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