Query purpose:
The aim of this syndrome definition is to assist with rapid detection of potential initial visits for a firearm injury. The following injury intents due to firearms are included in this definition: unintentional, intentional self-directed, assault, undetermined intent, legal intervention, and terrorism. The definition aims to capture only initial encounters for a firearm injury and negate subsequent encounters or sequelae.
How it was developed:
The query for this syndrome definition was developed in an iterative manner by CDC staff with backgrounds in violence and injury surveillance. Previous versions of the definition were developed in collaboration with local and state health departments who conducted manual visit-level reviews, and CDC also conducted systematic text mining and implemented machine learning approaches to identify inclusion and exclusion terms to query chief complaint text.
How it works:
Both discharge diagnosis codes (ICD-9-CM, ICD-10-CM, and SNOMED codes) and chief complaint free text with exclusions are used in the definition. If discharge diagnosis codes indicate a firearm injury in the diagnosis field, the ED visit is automatically included in the query result. When discharge diagnosis code information is not available, the ED visit is only included if the chief complaint text has a firearm injury-related term. In addition, the exclusions are only applied to the chief complaint text when a discharge diagnosis code is not present.
For consideration:
This definition captures firearm injuries of all intents and does not differentiate firearm injuries by intent type. The definition might underestimate or overestimate ED visits related to firearm injuries because of the variation in coding, reporting, and availability of visit-level data between facilities or over time.
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